Specific Learning Disorder – Mathematics (Dyscalculia)

“Just because you can’t count, doesn’t mean you don’t count” Paul Moorcraft (Author)

Dyscalculia is similar to the better-known condition of dyslexia but, rather than difficulty reading, the person involved struggles to understand numbers and how to use them, including doing mathematics and learning about mathematics. Although some symptoms of dyscalculia can be seen in very young children, it is usually diagnosed in older children or even in adults.

Mathematics is also a building block subject, so it is not possible to understand new concepts if previous concepts have not been understood. Early identification of dyscalculia is therefore important.

Some indicators of dyscalculia are:

• language difficulties: comprehending the meaning of mathematical language and remembering what the abbreviations mean such as + or –
• trouble with visual-spatial representation of numbers such as number lines
• difficulty interpreting charts and graphs
• difficulty estimating numbers and answers
• understanding basic number concepts: one to one correspondence, learning number bonds, place value, multiplication, division and time
• difficulty counting backwards reliably
• weakness in visual and spatial orientation
• slow processing speeds when engaged in mathematics activities
• sequencing difficulties
• a tendency not to notice patterns
• problems with all aspects of money including working out change from a purchase
• difficulty transferring from concrete to abstract
• a marked delay in learning to read a clock and tell the time
• an inability to manage time in daily life
• difficulty reading timetables such as for public transport
• problems remembering pin numbers, phone numbers and bank account details
• trouble understanding quantities and concepts like biggest or smallest
• poor number sense such as not understanding the number 2 is the same as the word “two”

As with other specific learning disorders there is a strong genetic influence on the development of mathematical skills. Environmental factors also have an impact on mathematical development. Specialised learning strategies and school/work accommodations are used to help children and adults with dyscalculia.